by Eric Broser
Take a little trip down memory lane. Remember back when you first started training, when new muscle and more power came almost every week? When the main goal at every training session was simply to add more weight to the bar and get it from point A to B in any way possible?
When every night you’d hop on the scale after the last meal of the night—when you’d be at your heaviest for the day, of course—and be thrilled to see that you weighed half a pound more than the night before? When all you had to do to gain muscle was to eat more, train more,more? Then—abracadabra, alacazam, presto—there was more of you.
Ah, those were good times, weren’t they? But as all intermediate and advanced bodybuilders know, all good things come to an end. After about a year of training, gains begin to slow down, weights don’t climb quite as easily, and the scale doesn’t budge as it once did. Despite your best efforts in the gym, pounding away on the same exercises for the same range of reps on the same days, nothing seems to be happening anymore. What’s the deal?
The first thing you must understand is that muscles are not just lumps of tissue. They’re extremely complex structures that, like onions, have many layers that you must peel before you reach the core. So, without turning this into a class in anatomy and physiology, let’s take a quick and basic look inside these molehills we all wish to turn into mountains—our muscles.
Muscle is composed of bundles of fibers. In general there are three distinct fiber types found in skeletal muscle. These include type 1, also known as slow-twitch, or red, fibers; types 2A and 2B, also known collectively as fast-twitch, or white, fibers. Type 1 fibers are pure slow twitch and have the highest level of endurance. They’re most active in slow movements and long-term aerobic activities and take a long time to fatigue. Next come the type 2A and the type 2B fibers, which are the fastest and least endurance iented in the group. They’re most active in quick-burst, or power, activities. They’re powered entirely through the anaerobic—meaning without oxygen—system and contract nearly twice as fast as slow-twitch fibers, but they fatigue much more rapidly. It’s important to remember that within our muscles there are also “intermediate” fiber types that show both high oxidative and fast-twitch characteristics.
As you contract a muscle, the fiber types are all recruited, one at a time, in a specific order. The smallest, or lowest-threshold, fibers, the type 1s, are recruited first. As the speed or force of contraction is increased, you sequentially recruit the intermediate fibers, then the type 2A and 2B fibers. It may take more than 90 percent of a maximum contraction to recruit the type 2B fibers.
Most muscles contain almost an even split of these basic slow (type 1) and fast (type 2) fibers. There are some genetic variations. Some people are born to run marathons (slow-twitch dominant), while others are born to run sprints (fast-twitch dominant—and very lucky if they get into bodybuilding).
Although the type 2 fibers have the greatest potential for hypertrophy, it’s imperative that we regularly train all of our muscle fibers to get maximum muscle size. Why limit ourselves to maximizing the potential of only a portion of our fibers? Doesn’t it make sense to get at every last fiber in each muscle?
Enhanced muscle size also occurs by way of increases in mitochondrial enzymes, increases in stored ATP and phosphocreatine, increases in stored glycogen and triglyceride and the laying down of additional capillary beds. So how do you go about successfully working all of your muscle fibers while stimulating all of the other pathways associated with maximum muscle hypertrophy? Variation! After you’ve laid a foundation in your first couple of years of lifting, you need to vary your training. Too many misguided trainees use the same exercises, in the same order, with the same rep tempo, rest between sets, training techniques and rep ranges day after day, week after week and month after month. The human body is an incredibly adaptable machine and will quickly cease to respond to stimuli that it’s exposed to time and again. Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result is just plain craziness.
How do you achieve optimal variation? The answer lies in something called power/rep range/shock, or P/RR/S. What the heck is it? It’s a method of cycling workouts that I developed after lifting weights for more than a dozen years. In those 12-plus years of training I went from a 125-pound weakling who could barely bench-press a 45-pound bar to a 225-pound title-winning bodybuilder who could bench-press more than 400 pounds—all without the aid of drugs. Although I had done nicely, adding about 100 pounds to my frame, I still wanted more, but I wasn’t getting it. I’d hit a wall. That forced me to examine everything I was doing in order to come up with a new plan of attack.
Over the course of several months I developed a program that had me gaining again, and before I knew it, I was up to 250 pounds and feeling stronger than ever. I have used P/RR/S for four straight years now, and I keep getting bigger and better. Of course, the system has continued to morph along the way as I tweak it to make it even more efficient at stimulating hypertrophy. So, are you ready to grow? Let’s go.





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